Demography of Jharkhand

 Jharkhand meaning 'the land of forests' is a state in eastern India.It shares border with the states of BIHAR to the North, UTTAR PRADESH to the Northwest, CHHATTISGARH to the West, ODISHA to the South and WEST BENGAL to the East. It has an area of 79,710 km2 (30,778 sq mi). 

It is the 15th largest state by area, and the 14Th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state.The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub-capital. The state was formed in 2000, from the territory that had previously been part of Bihar.

The word "Jhar" means 'Forest' and "Khand" means 'land' in various Indo-Aryan languages. Thus "Jharkhand" means 'land of bush or forest'.

Jharkhand envelops a geographical area of 7,970,000 hectare. Much of Jharkhand lies on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Many rivers pass through the Chota Nagpur plateau. They are: Damodar, North Koel, Barakar, South Koel, Sankh and Subarnarekha rivers. The higher watersheds of these rivers stretch out within the Jharkhand state. Much of the Jharkhand state is still enclosed by forest. Forests sustain the population of Elephants and tigers.

Climate of Jharkhand varies from Humid subtropical in the north to tropical wet and dry in the south-east.The main seasons are summer, rainy, autumn, winter and spring. The summer lasts from mid-April to mid-June. May, the hottest month, characterised by daily high temperatures around 37 °C (99 °F) and low temperatures around 25 °C (77 °F). The southwest monsoon, from mid-June to October, brings nearly all the state's annual rainfall, which ranges from about 1,000 mm (40 in) in the west-central part of the state to more than 1,500 mm (60 in) in the southwest. Nearly half of the annual precipitation falls in July and August. The winter season lasts from November to February. The temperatures in Ranchi in December usually vary from 10–24 °C (50–75 °F). Spring season lasts from mid-February to mid-April.

According to the 2011 Indian Census, Jharkhand has a population of 32.96 million, consisting of 16.93 million males and 16.03 million females.The sex ratio is 947 females to 1,000 males. The literacy rate of the state was 67.63% with Ranchi district being most educated at 77.13% compared to rural Pakur district being least at 50.17%

As per the 2011 census, Hinduism is the majority religion in the state at 67.8%, followed by Islam at 14.5% and Christianity at 4.3%.Other religions, primarily Sarnaism, constitute 12.8% of the population.

Hindus form majority in 19 out of 24 districts of the Jharkhand. Christianity forms majority in Simdega district(% ). Sarna forms majority in Lohardaga (51.01%), West Singhbhum (62.29%) and plurality in Gumla (44.62%) and Khunti (45.37%). Muslims have highest presence in Pakur district and Sahebganj district of Jharkhand forming 35% and 34% of the population.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and is spoken by the people of the state, although different regions have their own languages. These include Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali, Magahi and Bhojpuri. Jharkhand has accorded second language status to Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Kurukh, Khortha, Kurmali, Magahi, Maithili,

 Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali and Urdu

The GDP of Jharkhand is estimated at 3.83 lakh crore (US$51 billion) in 2020–21. The per capita GDP of Jharkhand in 2018-19 was 82,430 (US$1,100).

Jharkhand has several towns and innumerable villages with civic amenities. Urbanization ratio is 24.1%.Jharkhand also has immense mineral resources, Large deposits of coal and iron ore support concentration of industry, in centres like Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Ranchi. Tata Steel, has its corporate office and main plant in Tatanagar, Jharkhand.It reported a gross income of  204,910 million for 2005. NTPC will start coal production from its captive mine in state in 2011–12, for which the company will be investing about Rs 18 billion.

As per the 2011 census conducted by Government of India the official literacy rate for the state was 67.63% (male: 78.45%; female: 56.21%) with nine districts above the average literacy rate:

  • Ranchi: 77.13% (male: 85.53%; female: 68.20%)
  • East Singhbhum: 76.13% (male: 84.51%; female: 67.33%)
  • Dhanbad: 75.71% (male: 85.68%; Female: 64.70%)
  • Ramgarh: 73.92% (male: 83.51%; female: 63.49%)
  • Bokaro: 78.48% (male: 84.50%; female: 61.46%)
  • Hazaribagh: 70.48% (male: 81.15%; female: 59.25%)
  • Saraikela Kharsawan: 68.85% (male: 81.01%; female: 56.19%)
  • Koderma: 68.35% (male: 81.25%; female: 54.77%)
  • Lohardaga: 68.29% (male: 78.62%; female: 57.86%)
  • Deoghar: 66.34% (male: 79.13%; female: 53.39%)

Since the formation of the new state, the Jharkhand Education Project Council (JEPC) has been implementing four projects to spread elementary education: DPEP, SSA, NPEGEL, and KGBV. The state has been moving towards the goal of universal elementary education but the target of 100% enrolment and retention of children in schools has not yet been attained.Jharkhand has made primary education so accessible that 95% of children of ages 6–11 are enrolled in school, as opposed to 56% in 1993–94; this will likely improve literacy a great deal.


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